"I accidentally created a rule to route email, from one of my contacts, into my Calendar (of all places). I have four messages in my calendar--I know because I see "Calendar (4)"--but I can't view the email. If I go to my calendar, I only see--well, my calendar. I know four emails are there, but how can I view them or move them to my Inbox."

You have two choices - use Advanced find to find them, searching for message items in the calendar folder, or switch to a table view (group by category works good for this) and browse for the unread items.

If they are mistakenly moved to Outlook today, use advanced find or disable Outlook today - right click on the Outlook today folder and choose Properties. Uncheck the option to use it as a folder home page on the folder home page tab.